Псевдоэлементы. что такое

Вставка содержимого без изменения файлов шаблонов для сайта WordPress

Для сайтов WordPress также можно использовать псевдоэлементы. Например, если нужно добавить уведомление о доставке в заголовке на каждой странице, но установленная тема не позволяет что-то добавить, кроме строки поиска и корзины. Это гораздо проще, чем переделывать шаблон. Добавив псевдоэлемент :after и нужную надпись в свойство “content”, можно расположить ее на удобном месте, где она будет смотреться логично. Главным выводом из этого является то, что использование :before и :after настолько широко, что позволяет по-разному позиционировать элементы, заставляя их находиться справа или слева от контейнера, использовать поля и отступы.

CSS псевдоэлемент before

предназначен для создания псевдоэлемента внутри элемента перед его контентом. По умолчанию данный псевдоэлемент имеет . Если псевдоэлементу before нужно установить другое отображение, то его нужно указать явно (например: ).

Содержимое данного псевдоэлемента задаётся с помощью CSS свойства . При этом если псевдоэлемент будет без содержимого, то данное свойство всё равно необходимо указывать и использовать в качестве его значения пустую строку . Без указания псевдоэлемент отображаться не будет.

Псевдоэлемент не наследует стили. Поэтому если необходимо чтобы у него были стили как у родительского элемента, то ему необходимо их явно прописывать.

CSS Reference

CSS ReferenceCSS Browser SupportCSS SelectorsCSS FunctionsCSS Reference AuralCSS Web Safe FontsCSS Font FallbacksCSS AnimatableCSS UnitsCSS PX-EM ConverterCSS ColorsCSS Color ValuesCSS Default ValuesCSS Entities

CSS Properties

align-content
align-items
align-self
all
animation
animation-delay
animation-direction
animation-duration
animation-fill-mode
animation-iteration-count
animation-name
animation-play-state
animation-timing-function

backface-visibility
background
background-attachment
background-blend-mode
background-clip
background-color
background-image
background-origin
background-position
background-repeat
background-size
border
border-bottom
border-bottom-color
border-bottom-left-radius
border-bottom-right-radius
border-bottom-style
border-bottom-width
border-collapse
border-color
border-image
border-image-outset
border-image-repeat
border-image-slice
border-image-source
border-image-width
border-left
border-left-color
border-left-style
border-left-width
border-radius
border-right
border-right-color
border-right-style
border-right-width
border-spacing
border-style
border-top
border-top-color
border-top-left-radius
border-top-right-radius
border-top-style
border-top-width
border-width
bottom
box-decoration-break
box-shadow
box-sizing
break-after
break-before
break-inside

caption-side
caret-color
@charset
clear
clip
clip-path
color
column-count
column-fill
column-gap
column-rule
column-rule-color
column-rule-style
column-rule-width
column-span
column-width
columns
content
counter-increment
counter-reset
cursor

direction
display
empty-cells
filter
flex
flex-basis
flex-direction
flex-flow
flex-grow
flex-shrink
flex-wrap
float
font
@font-face
font-family
font-feature-settings
font-kerning
font-size
font-size-adjust
font-stretch
font-style
font-variant
font-variant-caps
font-weight

gap
grid
grid-area
grid-auto-columns
grid-auto-flow
grid-auto-rows
grid-column
grid-column-end
grid-column-gap
grid-column-start
grid-gap
grid-row
grid-row-end
grid-row-gap
grid-row-start
grid-template
grid-template-areas
grid-template-columns
grid-template-rows

hanging-punctuation
height
hyphens
@import
isolation
justify-content
@keyframes
left
letter-spacing

line-height
list-style
list-style-image
list-style-position
list-style-type

margin
margin-bottom
margin-left
margin-right
margin-top
max-height
max-width
@media
min-height
min-width
mix-blend-mode

object-fit
object-position
opacity
order
outline
outline-color
outline-offset
outline-style
outline-width
overflow
overflow-x
overflow-y

padding
padding-bottom
padding-left
padding-right
padding-top
page-break-after
page-break-before
page-break-inside
perspective
perspective-origin
pointer-events
position
quotes

resize
right
row-gap

scroll-behavior

tab-size
table-layout
text-align
text-align-last
text-decoration
text-decoration-color
text-decoration-line
text-decoration-style
text-indent
text-justify
text-overflow
text-shadow
text-transform
top

transform
transform-origin
transform-style
transition
transition-delay
transition-duration
transition-property
transition-timing-function

unicode-bidi
user-select

vertical-align
visibility

white-space
width
word-break
word-spacing
word-wrap
writing-mode

z-index

Комбинируем before и first-child

update 27.02.10

Как правило, на многих сайтах присутствуют «Хлебные крошки» — список, показывающий путь по сайту от его «корня» до текущей страницы. Вот как это выглядит, например на olimpic.org:

К сожалению, непосредственно на olimpic.org данный фрагмент выглядит так:

<a href="/en/" title="Home">Home</a>
&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;<a href="/en/content/Sports/" title="Olympic Sports">Olympic Sports</a>
&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Volleyball

Не будем вдаваться в лишние разглагольствования по поводу молодцов, которые это верстали. Лучше разберем, как это можно сделать правильнее и красивее.

Прежде всего HTML. Это обычный список. Никаких классов для li мы, конечно, не используем, так как знаем как избавиться от дополнительного класса для первого элемента.

<ul>
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Olympic Sports</a></li>
<li>Volleyball</li>
</ul>

Как вставить спецсимвол перед каждым элементом списка, это мы уже знаем:

li:before{
	content: "\3e\a0";
}

li{
	//z-index: expression(runtimeStyle.zIndex = 1, this.innerHTML = "> " + this.innerHTML) /* хак для ие6 и 7 */
}

Теперь остался последний штрих. Нужно вставить спецсимвол не всем подряд элементам списка, а всем кроме первого. Для этого воспользуемся мощной связкой before+first-child. Собственно для всех нормальных браузеров достаточно будет такой записи:

li:first-child:before{
	content:"";
}

А для особо «одаренных» (IE 6-7) придется подправить expression. В итоге CSS будет выглядеть так:

li:before{
	content:"\3e\a0"; /* вставляем маркер-скобку в браузерах понимающих before */
}

li:first-child:before{
	content:""; /* для первого элемента вставку не производим*/
}

li {
//z-index: expression(runtimeStyle.zIndex = 1, this == parentNode.firstChild ? 0 : this.innerHTML = "> " + this.innerHTML );
/* Хак для IE6-7. После загрузки документа проверяем, является ли элемент списка первым. Если да, то ничего не делаем. Иначе добавляем макрер-скобку. */
}

Данный прием подходит как для «хлебных крошек» так и, например, для различных меню.

• 6-8
• 3
• 9.5-10
• 3
• 4

Метод 5: Псевдоэлементы с наложением цвета при наведении

Одна из последних тенденций в графическом дизайне — эффекта наложения цвета при наведении. Для этого можно использовать псевдоэлементы:

Пример

Код HTML:

<ul>
   <li>
      <img alt="Image" src="images/thumb.jpeg">
      <p>Lorem Ipsum</p>
   </li>
   <li>
     <img alt="Image" src="images/thumb.jpeg">
     <p>Lorem Ipsum</p>
   </li>
</ul>

Код li active CSS:

ul li                { width: 49%; padding: 0 5px; display: inline-block; text-align: center; position: relative;}
ul li img            { max-width: 100%; height: auto;}
ul li p              { margin: 0; padding: 20px; background: #ffffff;}
ul li::after         { height: 100%; content: ""; background: rgba(0,0,0,0.8); position: absolute; top: 0; left: 5px; right: 5px; opacity: 0;}
ul li:hover::after,
ul li:hover::before  { opacity: 1; cursor: pointer;}
ul li::before        { content: "Hover Text"; position: absolute; top: calc(50% - 12px); left: calc(50% - 40px); color: #ffffff; opacity: 0; z-index: 10;}

Результат:

hover active CSS

Данная публикация является переводом статьи «5 CSS3 TRICKS WITH PSEUDO ELEMENTS BEFORE AND AFTER» , подготовленная редакцией проекта.

CSS — The ::selection Pseudo-element

The pseudo-element matches the portion of an element that is
selected by a user.

The following CSS properties can be applied to :
,
, , and .

The following example makes the selected text red on a yellow background:

Example

::selection {  color: red;  
background: yellow;}

All CSS Pseudo Elements

Selector	Example	Example description
::after	p::after	Insert something after the content of each <p> element
::before	p::before	Insert something before the content of each <p> element
::first-letter	p::first-letter	Selects the first letter of each <p> element
::first-line	p::first-line	Selects the first line of each <p> element
::marker	::marker	Selects the markers of list items
::selection	p::selection	Selects the portion of an element that is selected by a user

All CSS Pseudo Classes

Selector	Example	Example description
:active	a:active	Selects the active link
:checked	input:checked	Selects every checked <input> element
:disabled	input:disabled	Selects every disabled <input> element
:empty	p:empty	Selects every <p> element that has no children
:enabled	input:enabled	Selects every enabled <input> element
:first-child	p:first-child	Selects every <p> elements that is the first child of its parent
:first-of-type	p:first-of-type	Selects every <p> element that is the first <p> element of its parent
:focus	input:focus	Selects the <input> element that has focus
:hover	a:hover	Selects links on mouse over
:in-range	input:in-range	Selects <input> elements with a value within a specified range
:invalid	input:invalid	Selects all <input> elements with an invalid value
:lang(language)	p:lang(it)	Selects every <p> element with a lang attribute value starting with «it»
:last-child	p:last-child	Selects every <p> elements that is the last child of its parent
:last-of-type	p:last-of-type	Selects every <p> element that is the last <p> element of its parent
:link	a:link	Selects all unvisited links
:not(selector)	:not(p)	Selects every element that is not a <p> element
:nth-child(n)	p:nth-child(2)	Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent
:nth-last-child(n)	p:nth-last-child(2)	Selects every <p> element that is the second child of its parent, counting from the last child
:nth-last-of-type(n)	p:nth-last-of-type(2)	Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent, counting from the last child
:nth-of-type(n)	p:nth-of-type(2)	Selects every <p> element that is the second <p> element of its parent
:only-of-type	p:only-of-type	Selects every <p> element that is the only <p> element of its parent
:only-child	p:only-child	Selects every <p> element that is the only child of its parent
:optional	input:optional	Selects <input> elements with no «required» attribute
:out-of-range	input:out-of-range	Selects <input> elements with a value outside a specified range
:read-only	input:read-only	Selects <input> elements with a «readonly» attribute specified
:read-write	input:read-write	Selects <input> elements with no «readonly» attribute
:required	input:required	Selects <input> elements with a «required» attribute specified
:root	root	Selects the document’s root element
:target	#news:target	Selects the current active #news element (clicked on a URL containing that anchor name)
:valid	input:valid	Selects all <input> elements with a valid value
:visited	a:visited	Selects all visited links

❮ Previous
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CSS Reference

CSS ReferenceCSS Browser SupportCSS SelectorsCSS FunctionsCSS Reference AuralCSS Web Safe FontsCSS Font FallbacksCSS AnimatableCSS UnitsCSS PX-EM ConverterCSS ColorsCSS Color ValuesCSS Default ValuesCSS Entities

CSS Properties

align-content
align-items
align-self
all
animation
animation-delay
animation-direction
animation-duration
animation-fill-mode
animation-iteration-count
animation-name
animation-play-state
animation-timing-function

backface-visibility
background
background-attachment
background-blend-mode
background-clip
background-color
background-image
background-origin
background-position
background-repeat
background-size
border
border-bottom
border-bottom-color
border-bottom-left-radius
border-bottom-right-radius
border-bottom-style
border-bottom-width
border-collapse
border-color
border-image
border-image-outset
border-image-repeat
border-image-slice
border-image-source
border-image-width
border-left
border-left-color
border-left-style
border-left-width
border-radius
border-right
border-right-color
border-right-style
border-right-width
border-spacing
border-style
border-top
border-top-color
border-top-left-radius
border-top-right-radius
border-top-style
border-top-width
border-width
bottom
box-decoration-break
box-shadow
box-sizing
break-after
break-before
break-inside

caption-side
caret-color
@charset
clear
clip
clip-path
color
column-count
column-fill
column-gap
column-rule
column-rule-color
column-rule-style
column-rule-width
column-span
column-width
columns
content
counter-increment
counter-reset
cursor

direction
display
empty-cells
filter
flex
flex-basis
flex-direction
flex-flow
flex-grow
flex-shrink
flex-wrap
float
font
@font-face
font-family
font-feature-settings
font-kerning
font-size
font-size-adjust
font-stretch
font-style
font-variant
font-variant-caps
font-weight

gap
grid
grid-area
grid-auto-columns
grid-auto-flow
grid-auto-rows
grid-column
grid-column-end
grid-column-gap
grid-column-start
grid-gap
grid-row
grid-row-end
grid-row-gap
grid-row-start
grid-template
grid-template-areas
grid-template-columns
grid-template-rows

hanging-punctuation
height
hyphens
@import
isolation
justify-content
@keyframes
left
letter-spacing

line-height
list-style
list-style-image
list-style-position
list-style-type

margin
margin-bottom
margin-left
margin-right
margin-top
max-height
max-width
@media
min-height
min-width
mix-blend-mode

object-fit
object-position
opacity
order
outline
outline-color
outline-offset
outline-style
outline-width
overflow
overflow-x
overflow-y

padding
padding-bottom
padding-left
padding-right
padding-top
page-break-after
page-break-before
page-break-inside
perspective
perspective-origin
pointer-events
position
quotes

resize
right
row-gap

scroll-behavior

tab-size
table-layout
text-align
text-align-last
text-decoration
text-decoration-color
text-decoration-line
text-decoration-style
text-indent
text-justify
text-overflow
text-shadow
text-transform
top

transform
transform-origin
transform-style
transition
transition-delay
transition-duration
transition-property
transition-timing-function

unicode-bidi
user-select

vertical-align
visibility

white-space
width
word-break
word-spacing
word-wrap
writing-mode

z-index

CSS Advanced

CSS Rounded CornersCSS Border ImagesCSS BackgroundsCSS ColorsCSS Color KeywordsCSS Gradients
Linear Gradients
Radial Gradients

CSS Shadows
Shadow Effects
Box Shadow

CSS Text EffectsCSS Web FontsCSS 2D TransformsCSS 3D TransformsCSS TransitionsCSS AnimationsCSS TooltipsCSS Style ImagesCSS Image ReflectionCSS object-fitCSS object-positionCSS ButtonsCSS PaginationCSS Multiple ColumnsCSS User InterfaceCSS Variables
The var() Function
Overriding Variables
Variables and JavaScript
Variables in Media Queries

CSS Box SizingCSS Media QueriesCSS MQ ExamplesCSS Flexbox
CSS Flexbox
CSS Flex Container
CSS Flex Items
CSS Flex Responsive

Relate the timing of two activities

In Context

PRESENT
A time-related activity can be added to a main clause with a connective preposition¹ such as before, after, when, or while. When the verb in the main clause is present tense, the verb in the clause following the preposition reflects the same time frame—present tense.                  In the main clause, present tense expresses routine activity, and present progressive expresses an activity or plan already in thought or motion.
MAIN CLAUSE	CONNECTIVE PREP + CLAUSE
PRESENT / PRES PROG.	PRESENT VERB
We get together on Saturdays We are getting together²	after he finishes work. (later than) after he finishes work.
He calls me	as he leaves work. (at same time or immediately before)
I pick up some snacks I am picking up some snacks	before he arrives. (ealier than) before he arrives.
I select a movie	when he gets here. (at the moment or soon after)
I make popcorn	while he moves the sofa in front of the TV. (ongoing- same time activities)
We start the movie	as soon as we finish getting ready.  (when–immediately following)
We watch the whole movie	as long as it is interesting. (while–for all the time)
We head out for a late night snack	when the movie ends.   (immediately following)
We look for our friends	once we get to our favorite spot².   (immediately following)
We don’t get home	until it is late.   (immediately following)
We feel tired	as the sun comes up. (in the last moments)
We have fun  (routinely)	by the time the day ends.  (in the time before)
We have a good time	whenever we get together.  (always)
We have a good time	anytime we get together.

FUTURE
A time-related activity can also be added to a main clause expressing what we think, guess, know or predict will happen at a present or future time. When the main clause includes a modal such as will, can, may, shall. the verb in the clause following the preposition remains in present tense. In the main clause, will expresses intent to do or prediction about a future activity. Be going expresses an activity or plan soon to be put in motion.
MAIN CLAUSE	CONNECTIVE PREP + CLAUSE
MODAL VERB  WILL / BE GOING	PRESENT VERB
We will watch a movie We are going to watch a movie	after he finishes work.  *will finish
He will call me	as he leaves work.
I will pick up some snacks (intention)	before he arrives.
I am going to select a movie	when he gets here.
We will be making popcorn	while he is moving the sofa in front of the TV.  (ongoing- same time activities)
We can/ will start the movie	as soon as we finish getting ready.
We will watch the movie	as long as it is interesting.
We will head out for a late night snack	when the movie ends.
We will look for our friends	once we get to our favorite spot.
We won’t get home	until it is late.
We will feel tired	as the sun comes up.
We will have had³ a good time  (future prediction)	by the time the day ends.  (See future perfect.)
We will have a good time	whenever we get together.
We will have a good time	anytime we get together.

*not used / ~questionable usage

¹ conjuction vs. preposition – In linguistic, scientific, and mathematic descriptions, the word conjunction expresses AND, a Boolean term which means «the union or overlap of the two fields. X ∧Y». See . Adjunct preposition or connective preposition is the term for a word that joins additional, extra (adjunct) information before or after the clause. See Connective Prepositions.

² present tense vs. present progressive tense– «We get together» expresses habit or custom. «We are getting together» expresses a plan that is about to happen.

favorite spot (expression) – a preferred restaurant, café, bar, plaza or other place where people can meet up.

head out (V) – set out or go in a particular direction

connective prepositions – before, after, when, while (also called adverbial prepositions or temporal adjuncts.) See . 

conjunction – is a term reserved for the addition (and) of two elements. See .

Also see When vs. While | After and Before –ing | Time-Relative Events | Will vs. Be going to | By the time | Will / Will have

Что такое псевдоэлемент?

Псевдоэлемент — это некий контент, которым можно управлять с помощью CSS. Причем управление касается либо какой-то части элемента (первой буквы или строки), выделения текста или несуществующего в html-разметке контента.

Добавлять псевдоэлементы нужно к существующим элементам, в основном к селекторам тегов, классов или id. Поэтому в коде css-файла псевдоэлементы записываются сразу после основного селектора с одним или двумя двоеточиями перед своим названием:

Запись псевдоэлемента

selector::pseudo-element {
свойство: значение;
}

1 2 3

selector::pseudo-element{ свойствозначение; }

Например:

Запись псевдоэлементов в css

*::selection{
color:#ff0;
background: #000:
}
h2::before {
content: «News: «;
}
.readmore:after {
content: » >»;
}
blockquote:first-letter{
color: red;
font-size: 2em;
font-weight: bold;
}
p:first-line {
color: #0a4;
font-family: Cambria, serif;
font-size: 1.2em;
}

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

*::selection{ color#ff0; background#000: } h2::before{ content»News: «; } .readmoreafter{ content» >»; } blockquotefirst-letter{ colorred; font-size2em; font-weightbold; } pfirst-line{ color#0a4; font-familyCambria,serif; font-size1.2em; }

Обратите внимание, что в некоторых случаях перед наименованием псевдоэлемента стоит одно двоеточие, а в других — 2 двоеточия. И тот, и другой вариант вполне допустимы, т.к

синтаксис CSS2 позволяет писать их с одним двоеточием, а синтаксис CSS3 — с двумя. Второе двоеточие в CSS3 было введено  для того, чтобы отличать псевдоклассы (:hover, :active, :focus и т.д.) от псевдоэлементов

Поскольку браузеры понимают оба синтаксиса, неважно, в сущности, одно или два двоеточия вы поставите перед псевдоэлементами. Главное, чтобы вы не делали пробел ни ДО, ни После двоеточия(-ий), т.к

это приведет к ошибке. Исключение составляет псевдоэлемент , который всегда указывается с двумя двоеточиями.

How to get Mewing Results?

To start noticing Mewing Results as soon as possible, make sure you follow the steps mentioned below –

Apt Technique

It takes longer for some mewers to see results because they end up following an incorrect technique for months before they realize the problem lies.

We do not want you to land in a similar situation and hence we will break it down into simple steps that you can remember.

• Entire Tongue on the upper palate
• Molars lighting touching together
• Lips sealed
• Breath in through the nose

Nose Breathing

For some people Nasal breathing is the natural way to go, if that’s you, consider yourself lucky.

We have known many Mewers that are used to breathing through their mouth. And because they are doing so from an early age, it can be challenging at first.

Mouth Taping

This is a good alternative if you want to make sure you are breathing through your nose throughout the night while you’re asleep.

Mouth Taping also helps you sleep deeply, and have a healthier body. 

We would suggest researching yourself and consulting your doctor for additional information.

Proper Swallowing

An average person swallows around 1500 to 2000 times throughout a day.

Even when we are not eating, we swallow the excess saliva inside our mouth. The correct way to swallow is to 

• Close your lips
• Place your tongue on the palate (on the bumpy area right between the hard and soft palate)
• With the tip of the tongue on the roof, suck the rest of the tongue flat against the palate, slide the tongue back and swallow.

Consistency

Consistency plays a vital role in achieving Mewing Results. The lower the consistency rate the longer it will take for you to see desirable mewing results. 

There is no stated amount of time for which one should maintain the Mewing tongue posture. 

As they say, Mewing is a lifestyle, you have to slowly incorporate it as a habit. 

So it is necessary you remind yourself time-to-time, to maintain the correct tongue posture. Set reminders, make sticky notes, and put them around your work station, or wherever you spend the most time of your day.

Posture Improvement

The second most important thing, other than maintaining a correct tongue body is – overall body posture. Mewing should be paired with an erect body posture for best Mewing results.

In simpler terms, you should make sure that your face and jaw align your chest, both with sitting and standing.

Controlling Body Fat

There is no second-guessing the fact that Mewing will not help reduce body fat. Also, if your body fat is exceeding the ideal percentage, you might want to alter your diet and lifestyle accordingly. There is a lot of research based on the ideal amount of body fat in men and women that you can read to expand your existing knowledge.

Ideal body fat will differ at different ages of your life. A healthy diet and exercising will help you lose weight and stay healthy. You may, of course, start Mewing while you go down the journey of losing body fat.

Contrasting earlier and later past events

Past Time Frames

FOCUS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF AN EVENT
The timing of two related past activities is expressed with past tense verbs in both the main clause and the clause that complements (completes, follows) the preposition—after, before, when, while, etc.
MAIN CLAUSE	CONNECTIVE PREP + CLAUSE
PAST VERB	PAST VERB
We watched a movie  (2nd)	after he arrived. (1st)
We made popcorn (1st)	before he arrived.  (2nd)
We made popcorn (1st) We were making popcorn (1st) We were making popcorn (1st)	when he arrived. (2nd) when he arrived.  (2nd interruption) while he was arriving. (same time)
We made popcorn (1st)	until he arrived.    (for all that time before his arrival)
We have had fun  (routine)	by the time the evening ends.  (in the time before)

FOCUS ON THE EARLIER-LATER TIMING OF AN EVENT
A contrast in the timing of the two events may be expressed with a past tense verb in the main clause and a past perfect verb in the clause that complements after, before, when, while, etc.  Past perfect is optionally used to emphasize the difference in timing.
MAIN CLAUSE	CONNECTIVE PREP + CLAUSE
PAST VERB	PAST PERFECT  VERB
We watched a movie  (2nd)	after he had arrived. (1st)
We had made popcorn (1st)	before he arrived.  (2nd)
We had just made popcorn (1st)	when he arrived. (2nd)
We had been making popcorn	until he arrived.  (2nd)
We will have had a good time  (1st)	by the time the evening ends.  (2nd)   «in the time before»   (future perfect)

Also see present and future time-related events | Past Perfect tense

See for details of grammar terms.

CSS Справочники

CSS СправочникCSS ПоддержкаCSS СелекторыCSS ФункцииCSS ЗвукCSS Веб шрифтыCSS АнимацииCSS ДлиныCSS Конвертер px-emCSS Названия цветаCSS Значения цветаCSS по умолчаниюCSS Символы

CSS Свойства

align-content
align-items
align-self
all
animation
animation-delay
animation-direction
animation-duration
animation-fill-mode
animation-iteration-count
animation-name
animation-play-state
animation-timing-function
backface-visibility
background
background-attachment
background-blend-mode
background-clip
background-color
background-image
background-origin
background-position
background-repeat
background-size
border
border-bottom
border-bottom-color
border-bottom-left-radius
border-bottom-right-radius
border-bottom-style
border-bottom-width
border-collapse
border-color
border-image
border-image-outset
border-image-repeat
border-image-slice
border-image-source
border-image-width
border-left
border-left-color
border-left-style
border-left-width
border-radius
border-right
border-right-color
border-right-style
border-right-width
border-spacing
border-style
border-top
border-top-color
border-top-left-radius
border-top-right-radius
border-top-style
border-top-width
border-width
bottom
box-decoration-break
box-shadow
box-sizing
caption-side
caret-color
@charset
clear
clip
color
column-count
column-fill
column-gap
column-rule
column-rule-color
column-rule-style
column-rule-width
column-span
column-width
columns
content
counter-increment
counter-reset
cursor
direction
display
empty-cells
filter
flex
flex-basis
flex-direction
flex-flow
flex-grow
flex-shrink
flex-wrap
float
font
@font-face
font-family
font-kerning
font-size
font-size-adjust
font-stretch
font-style
font-variant
font-weight
grid
grid-area
grid-auto-columns
grid-auto-flow
grid-auto-rows
grid-column
grid-column-end
grid-column-gap
grid-column-start
grid-gap
grid-row
grid-row-end
grid-row-gap
grid-row-start
grid-template
grid-template-areas
grid-template-columns
grid-template-rows
hanging-punctuation
height
hyphens
@import
isolation
justify-content
@keyframes
left
letter-spacing
line-height
list-style
list-style-image
list-style-position
list-style-type
margin
margin-bottom
margin-left
margin-right
margin-top
max-height
max-width
@media
min-height
min-width
mix-blend-mode
object-fit
object-position
opacity
order
outline
outline-color
outline-offset
outline-style
outline-width
overflow
overflow-x
overflow-y
padding
padding-bottom
padding-left
padding-right
padding-top
page-break-after
page-break-before
page-break-inside
perspective
perspective-origin
pointer-events
position
quotes
resize
right
tab-size
table-layout
text-align
text-align-last
text-decoration
text-decoration-color
text-decoration-line
text-decoration-style
text-indent
text-justify
text-overflow
text-shadow
text-transform
top
transform
transform-origin
transform-style
transition
transition-delay
transition-duration
transition-property
transition-timing-function
unicode-bidi
user-select
vertical-align
visibility
white-space
width
word-break
word-spacing
word-wrap
writing-mode
z-index

Bonus step: Advanced overlays with blend modes

I’ve been toying with background blend modes for a little while now, but it blew me away when I discovered . This allows a developer to blend multiple elements together!

Use on your overlay and you’ve got some fun new combinations to try out.

The support for various blend modes are pretty weak in the Microsoft browsers, but you can still use them today with clever progressive enhancement. If you want them to be built in Edge, you can let Microsoft know about your passion here.

Until that time, let’s use queries to make sure our code still respects our friends using Edge and IE. The above code removes the transparency from our overlay and lets the blend mode do it for us. Instead of removing it, let’s negate it behind a support query.

This way in browsers that don’t support blend modes, we get our average, but nice overlay and in browsers that do, we get some really neat effects on our banner.